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Kepler exoplanets

many planets are there? So far we have identified a number of extrasolar planets, called exoplanets, planets beyond our solar system. The account of early June 2010 is 461 as per page exoplanet.eu web. But this has increased dramatically on June 14, when NASA announced the first results of the Kepler space telescope. They identified 706 new candidates. And that will include data from the first 43 days of observation. As you can see, this number is quite larger than all the planets that have been found over the past 15 years since the first was found in 1995.

Kepler telescope and observation area (field of view). Credit: NASA / JPL

The Kepler telescope is similar to the Hubble telescope, floating outside the Earth's atmosphere offers a splendid view to the stars. The advantage is that there are no clouds or bad weather or atmospheric disturbances. Exoplanet candidates detected by measuring the brightness of stars. If the light is changing periodically, possibly there are planets circling the star, taking some of the light reaching the telescope when passing in front of the star.

light curves of transit (transit light curves), when a planet passes in front of a star, the brightness (flux) decreases. Credit: NASA / Kepler Mission

The Kepler aims at all times to a region in the same constellation, Cygnus, Lyra, and has the ability to change their area of \u200b\u200bobservation. But there are many stars in that constellation to be busy for a long time.

The ultimate goal is to find habitable exoplanets. For that several conditions must be met. The star has to be similar to the Sun, the exoplanet of similar size to Earth and must be a planet-star distance similar to that between the Sun and Earth. Only then can we ensure that there is water, the basis of all life as we know it.

The Kepler telescope will be measuring at least 3 ½ years, if not more. Much time to find many more exoplanets. Perhaps some like Earth, and therefore with the potential to harbor life.

More information: NASA Kepler mission and site

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a couple of weeks ago, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Intitute issued instructions to synthesize what they called an artificial cell after fifteen years of work.

not really the whole cell was created in his laboratory. We used an existing cell in which it implemented a new genome (the DNA coding for important information about the cell). Then the cell with the artificial genome was reproduced by fragmentation, creating exact copies of itself and of its genetic code. Scientists designed the genome in a computer, produced chemically in the lab and transplanted into a host cell to produce a new cell autorreplicatoria controlled by the new synthetic genome. Cell

While that was grafted artificial genome of Mycoplasma capricolum type, the cell from which the genome is from a different type ( Mycoplasma mycoides ). So we used a cell type as a guest for a completely different genome, which was also altered with the help of a computer. The first step was to achieve the decoding of the genome. Later modified this code and synthesized the genome again from the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA: adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. This product is artificially synthesized that introduced into the host cell, resulting in the first cell that has a genome made entirely in a laboratory.

More than a decade scientists need to invent all the technology and instruments necessary for the creation of something that could be seen as the first step toward artificial life.

As an additional feature in the new genome not only encode the information necessary for the cell, but also included in the genetic code names of persons who worked on the project, an e-mail address and three dates. One of these appointments, Richard Feynman, said: What I Can not build, I Can not Understand . What I can not create, I can not understand.

Here you can watch a video of the press conference announcing the artificial cell (with English subtitles):

can also find more information on the page lab web.

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